Tuesday, 1 December 2020

Covid-19 explained for bikers

When thinking about these strange times it can be helpful to relate what's going on to things we understand. Here is a Q&A for those of a biker persuasion.

Q: "Covid-19 is just another flu virus, why should I worry about that ?"

In the same way that most bikes have two wheels, an engine and handlebars they are not all the same. Outsiders just see a motorbike, we see a Harley, a Ducatti, a Triumph etc. The internals matter, some bike are screaming two strokes and some big capacity four strokes. This particular virus is a killer and disabler that has a much higher than flu impact on some of those that get it. 

Q: "Is this lockdown is just a way to control us all?"

Sometimes you just have to follow club rules. We all saw the impact of this virus and how it got around the world in a matter of weeks using sneaky tactics of "spreading but not showing" and "jumping on the already weak". Not catching the bug and not passing it on gives us the control over the bug.


Q: "How do masks help ?"

Masks are the new crash helmets.  A bit annoying but reduces the medical impact of an incident. Probably not needed 9/10 times but noone knows when that 1/10 prang is going to happen and when it does it's probably the other persons fault for getting the virus/pulling out of junction.



Q: "This Covid-19 situation is a government conspiracy to control us."

Certainly lots of countries are using the same tactics to reduce the impact of the global virus and they all started doing the similar things within a few weeks in March.  However this is not the first time bugs have traveled round the world think Bubonic plague, "Spanish" flu ( which BTW actually started in Kansas), SARS, MERS, HIV and others. Reaching for the infection prevention playbook is the sensible action that every government should have done. See the extra impact this bug has had on countries that were slow to take avoiding actions reminds us all to "look down the road" and "prepare for the unexpected actions of other road users". We all know some fools that ride like a nutter and are always in scrapes and spills.

March 2020

Q: Why are the restrictions rules always changing ?

There is no doubt that lockdowns and furloughs have a bad impact on the economy whilst reducing the spread of infection. We have seen that more lockdown results in less bugs. Less lockdown means a better economy but more deaths and infections.  There is a slim balance between medical and economic welfare but that balance depends on how the situation is in any country at any time. The ongoing discussion is similar to "Whats the best bike - racer or cruiser ?"  Just sometimes the answers to that question is "Neither - we need a snowmobile this week because there is three feet of snow all over."

Q: How bad has it been ?

That's a complex question that comes down to the excess deaths figures as seen here for the UK  Overall about 12% more people have died than expected. About a 10..15% impact on economic production GDP for 2020 with remanning levels of unemployment not seen since the early 90's. Huge levels of government support spending have pilled trillions £ on the national debt. Yes it has been pretty bad.

Q: I don't know anybody that had Covid-19.

Yes but you live in Devon where the infection rate is lower than most of the rest of the country.  About 1 in 100 people currently have the bug in our region and sometimes that 1 doesn't know they have it. Just 31 people out of 1,200,000 residents across the whole of Devon have passed away directly from the bug ( as at 1st Dec 2020). 

This bug is real, it kills people, you can most likely avoid it.


Thanks to the internet for the insightful memes. 

 

Thursday, 22 October 2020

Apple computers and Cray Research - some notes

If you like this check out Cray-History.net

What are the Cray Research connections with Apple Computers ?

Cray XMP/48 with Apple SE inside
(c)1987 John Greenleigh

Cray Research and Apple Computers, seemly at opposite ends of the computer price spectrum, do have some subtle historical links. It is well known that Seymour Cray used an Apple desktop when designing Cray Computer Corp machines.  Macintosh computers where the desktop of choice and used almost exclusively whilst the company worked on the Cray-3 and Cray-4 projects. Much of the work was moving text and graphic files around a shared network.  "Seymour said he thought it was odd that Apple bought a Cray to design Macs because he was using Macs to design Crays. He sent me his designs for the Cray 3 in MacDraw on a floppy." reports KentK.

Apple Computer had a sequence of Cray machines starting in 1986 with an XMP/48 shown above followed by another XMP in Feb 1991. An upgrade to a Cray YMP-2E arrived later in 1991 and finally one of the smaller air-cooled Cray Y-MP EL from Dec '93 to Jun '98. 

Legend has that Apple's first XMP was bought by Steve Jobs after he walked into the Cray facility in Mendota Heights. However "Mike" a more reliable source relates ....

"The first machine installed at Apple was an X-MP/48 completed in August 1986. It had painted purple metallic columns and black power supplies. John Scully was the CEO, and he called the Western Region office in Pleasanton, Ca to get the salesman for his area of Cupertino, and his call was directed to Mike Wilhelm, the Western Region Manager, who after a lengthy conversation dispatched the salesman Bence Gerber, who sold the machine. I was standing at the receptionist desk who took John Scully's call when it came in, and got excited that Apple called us, and then went to Mike Wilhelm's secretary to hear what happened. I was also present for the installation, and spent many days covering the site."

According to a quote from MacObserver Website the timeline would indicate that John Scully was indeed in charge by install time.

"1985: Apple's board of directors authorizes John Sculley to remove Steve Jobs as executive VP and general manager of the faltering Macintosh division. Sculley, who genuinely liked Jobs, didn't act right away, hoping to make a smooth transition. Only after discovering Jobs' plan for a coup the following month did Sculley finally strip the founder of all operational responsibilities."

The Apple Cray machines were originally purchased to help out on a computer on a chip project and other engineering projects. Such projects included using the first Cray XMP as a Macintosh emulator for user interface design improvements. The site analyst reports ..

".. they sometimes ran the first XMP as a single user MacOS emulator ... They had a custom built frame buffer and a mouse hooked up to the IOP (Input/Output Processor).

Other applications were Computational Fluid Dynamics codes for disk drive head design improvement and complex chip and board logic proving tests. The Apple Cray machines eventually earned their keep running MOLDFLOW an injection plastic modelling program ( producing some results in the form of Quicktime movies) and later as a file server. 

Example of MOLDFLOW output


 T3d cube of cubes logo animated by changing the size of the surrounding balls.

What is less well known however is that the small active display panel on the front of the Cray T3D machines was an Apple powerbook. The powerbook ran a Macromedia presentation showing the T3D cube of cubes logo with an orbiting growing/shrinking sphere. The display at one site was changed to alternate with a presentation plaque display. It was rumoured that one site engineer ordered a collection of spare bits that, over time, comprised a complete new powerbook.

Cray T3D Tool Time Sales booklet showing the T3D with Powerbook generated logo front and centre (Scale T3D is aprox 2500mm tall) 
 

The Sept 1999 launch on the www.Apple.com web site of the G4 Macintosh computers displayed a YMP-8D computer on the processor details page. Whilst there was no direct reference to that particular machine there was a re-quote of the Seymour quote about "using an Apple to simulate the Cray-3" in a sidebar. The G4 was being touted as a "Supercomputer for the desktop" and with the performance figures of a Gigaflop/s (1 CPU) which is certainly up to at least 1992 supercomputer cpu speeds. The YMP pictured on the site would have had 0.333 Gflop/s per cpu but was sold as sustaining 1 Gflop/s, for the whole machine, on real life applications. Only comparable benchmarks would show if the Apple G4 could match the memory size, memory bandwidth and IO capacity the 8 year old Cray shown. There is however no doubt that the G4 would be cheaper to purchase than any machine from the Cray range.

The once popular Macintosh telnet communications program developed by NCSA (National Centre for Supercomputing Applications at the university of Illinois) in has an icon which is an Cray XMP surrounded by a network with Macs. NCSA had a Cray accessed by Macs and thus needed to develop such a program. 

One of those strange coincidences between Apple and Cray were problems using Perspex as a chassis material. Apple had problems with the Power PC G4 Cube machine as the corners were subject to cracking in some instances. Over at Cray the innovative total immersion cooling Cray 2 had cylindrical coolant reservoirs and cascades. After some time the coolant reservoirs tower material started to "craze" and fine cracks appeared. This was remediated by a new designed a new rectangular cascade that had a smaller footprint, was made of glass that solved the problem. 

Apple Power PC G4 Cube
(scale 180mm tall)

Early Cray-2 showing Cylindrical coolant reservoirs
(scale Cray-2 in foreground is 1200mm tall)

Cray-2 showing revised coolant reservoir 
( scale Cray-2 is 1200mm tall)


See other Cray historical notes at The Cray FAQ over at 0x07bell.net.

Further details in this article from Cray Channels 1987 (c)Cray Research Written by Kent Koeninger at or about the time of Apple's first Cray purchase.

Cray Research at Apple
computers

Cray Research at Apple
computers




Monday, 10 August 2020

Three noses of the Mercedes Benz SLK

 With the early versions of this prestige sports brand reaching 25 years old it’s certainly time to review the versions and features available in this now affordable car. The Mercedes-Benz SLK is a luxury sports roadster named after Sportlich (sporty), Leicht (light), and Kurz (short). All models are built at the Mercedes plant in Breman, Germany. The later R172 model was renamed SKC-Class to fit with other Mercedes Benz series. 

Model and yearsEngine size / gearsBody Styles
Notable features
Current approx costs
SLK Mk1 - R170; 
1996–2004
SLK 320 is V6 others are 2 litre mostly with Kompressor (supercharger)2 door with power retractable hardtop
Facelift and new engines in 2000
Gearbox 6 Speed after 2001
£1500 - £6000 for low milage top spec example
SLK Mk2 -  R171;
2004–2011
1800 Kompressor 4 Cyl, 2000cc  V6 and 5439 cc V8 Available
Retractable Hardtop
pronounced F1 style nose.
Airscarf, 
Facelift and new engines 2008
£5000 - £9000
Add £500 for AMG badge
SLK Mk3  - R172; 
2011–2019
SLC-Class
4 cyl, V6 & V8 with turbos  also available as diesel in SLK 250 CDI
Retractable Hardtop
Flat front similar to other MB cars.
2015 on  BlueEFFICIENCY 
Facelift 2016 renamed to SLC
Electronically operated window tint shade for the sunroof, called Magic Sky Control.
Auto folding mirrors.
£7500 to £40000
More for some specials variants

SLK Mk1 - R170 
MK1 SLK R170

Developed by Bruno Sacco from the SLK 1 concept cars and introduced at the 1996 Turin motor show. Standard features included power roof, power seats, power windows, power steering, anti-lock brakes, stability and climate control. The AMG model option added side skirts and chrome tailpipe and 17inch wheels. The power roof opening in less than 30s was undoubtedly the headline feature of the car.
The top of the range SLK 32 AMG of which only 4,333 examples exist out of total SLK Mk1 production of 311,222,  features a V6 engine plus a supercharger delivering 349 Horsepower with a 5.2s over 0..60. 
See one driven with Mike “Every time I get behind the wheel of a car with no roof I wonder why aren’t all cars made this way. and Edd from Wheeler Dealers here  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DD6myeGfRY8  and internal build and servicing examined in 40 mins of germanic detail here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=id-42g2XSPk 

SLK Mk2 -  R171



The second generation SLK introduced in 2004 at the Geneva motor show has a distinctive nose with multiple grills inspired after F1 cars of the time. With a longer wheel base and six speed auto gearbox the upgraded model retained the series defining power retractable roof. The engine sizes start from normally aspirated 1.8 to 1.8 with supercharger onward  through 3 and 3.5 liter V6s to the AMG version 5.4L V8s.  A long list optional extras included bi-Zenon headlights and Airscarf headrest heaters and Harmon Kardon sound systems. 

The post 2008 facelift version retained the distinctive nose but added a more pronounced arrow shape front bumper and interior improvements such as a Red leather option and voice control. 

See with review and buyers guide common issues here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvJ1VOuvWUU and in action with detailed review here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjFVAorBn3Q 

SLK Mk3  - R172




The final generation SLK with it’s more traditional upright Mercedes nose was introduced at the Geneva motor show in 2011. Retaining the electric folding roof the final variant featured a swap from supercharger to turbo assisted engines. Starting with a 4 cylinder 1.8L and rising to 2L with 3.5 L V6 versions available up to the range topper 5.4l V8 in the SLK 55 AMG. Continuously adjustable electronically controlled suspension controlled the handling. Auto engine start-stop, seven speed auto gearbox, a low drag Cd factor contributed to the Blue Efficiency naming. The 2012 SLK250 introduced the 2.1L turbo diesel engine along with other facelifts to the range.  

The fancy feature in the range is the innovative "Magic Sky Control" center panel. Unlike opaque solid steel roofs or heavily tinted glass panels (both are offered on the new SLK), the German engineers have come up with a optional trick glass panel utilizing LCD-type technology that goes from mostly clear when voltage is applied, to mostly opaque when it loses its charge. (Getting technical, it drops measured sun "intensity" from about 1050 watts with an open sky to just 200 watts when closed in "clear" mode. Switch it to "opaque" mode, and the intensity drops to about 45 watts.) While it cuts UV, infrared and visible light significantly, the panel never goes completely opaque. 

Team test by 5th Gear available here on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fVMwkUH9GKQ  and 2014 test drive by Bill with review  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKtY81MVrco 

Comentry
Possibly the 3rd generation has lost its’ way from pure sports car moving toward luxury small sedan in appearance and dynamics but this range of cars provides open top motoring at its slightly more modern best. User forums here https://www.slkworld.com 

Car online hunting grounds

Find where various cars appear in TVs shows and movies over at the internet movies car database.   https://www.imcdb.org 

Acknowledgements : Wikipedia, YouTube and Autoblog.com

The First Fifteen Lives of Harry August

The First Fifteen Lives of Harry AugustThe First Fifteen Lives of Harry August by Claire North
My rating: 5 of 5 stars

I have always been fond of time travel stories and warped (but plausible) viewpoints on this and other worlds. This book was a revelation, a stand out giant of a story. The premise, quite simple, as a "kalachakra", Harry August the hero reincarnations resets his life back to zero but he keeps memories to build on previous experience. Other such souls exist some working for timeline stability others have a dark selfish agenda seeking to dominate world via accelerated technological advancement. The conflict works out over the 15 lives of Harry in which he comes to terms with his illegitimate birth origins and circles around with his deepest friend/enemy both working for and against the world breaking cause. The paradoxes of time manipulation are not over exaggerated serving to move the narrative along without over complication. Lives are long and not always exciting adding to the genuine autobiographical feel of the book.
A really great read that evolves over the course of Harrys personal development. Once hooked in I could not put this one down and has left me with a confirmed impression that humanity is often not ready for the technology we have developed
Was read just after "The Rise and Fall of D.O.D.O" By Neal Stevenson which is in the same time manipulation fiction sub-sub-genre but that's another review.



View all my reviews

Wednesday, 8 July 2020

Three noses of the Toyota MR2

From the definitive 80's wedge to the excellent handling of the last Roadster incarnation this popular mid-engined two seater has accumulated many fans over the 36 year span of the three models presented here. 
 

Model and yearsEngine size / gearsBody StylesNotable featuresCurrent approx costs
MR2  Mk1a & Mk1b
1984–1989  
AW10 - 1.5L Petrol
AW11 - 1.6L DOHC
5 speed manual, 4 speed auto
Hard top and T-Bar Super charger on some Japan domestic cars£300 project to  £7,000 mint
MR2 Mk2 GT Coupe and GT T-Bar 
1989–1999 

SW20: Various 2.0L 
some Turbos
Tin top and T-Bar
coupe. 
Also unbranded Spyder version
Rear Spoilers lots of after markets body kits and goodies.£300 project to £5,000 mint or special racer
MR2 “Spyder” and “Roadster"
1999–2007

SW30: 1.8L Petrol
5 or 6 speed gearbox
Softtop with removable hard top option
SMT paddle gear shift option

£300 Project to £7,000 mint

Mk1 A & B 1984 - 1989



The Toyota MR2 (midship runabout) was introduced at the Toyko motor show in October 1983 and launched the following year to the UK and USA markets. Using a fuel injection, 4 cylinder DOHC design generating just over 100HP, weighed in a just over a tonne. The sprightly car could easily out run both of it's contemporaries the Fiat X-19 and USA Pontiac Fiero. The MX5 appeared a few years later as a soft top from the start.

A super charger was introduced a couple of years later to the Japan and US markets but was not sold directly in the UK. The supercharger was belt-driven but actuated by an electromagnetic clutch, so that it would not be driven except when needed, increasing fuel economy. 

Worst featureMK1's rust from the inside out due to aerial (Mk1a) and roof drains sending water into the sills.
when engine is operated the heat warms the moisture which causes condensation in lower sills, which settles over rear arches and box sections. They then rot out. Earlier engines were less robust with smaller internal components such as crank and rods. Brake calliper and discs were smaller in earlier cars and suspension components less durable.

Drivers opinion. from Overtake films “When I first saw it I remember think wow that design is so right. The engine really likes to rev with a red lines a 7750 rpm making about 123 hp. It comes alive as soon as you sit in it. It feels agile. It has no ABS or power steering but it feels lighter than a front wheel drive Peugeot 205. The more you work the car the more it does for you. It feel way more sorted and capable and planted than a modern car.”

Also See 1987 Toyota Mk1 MR2 AW11 Review and Drive - Why it's a little bit of Magic on 4 wheels    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7rSvzch7Fis 

Mk2 Coupe 1989-1999
The MK2 version of the MR2 moved to a more rounded body style from the very wedge Mk1 and introduced larger 2.0L engines.  The new car was larger, weighed 159 to 181 kg more than its predecessor due to having a more luxurious and spacious cabin, larger engine sizes, sturdier transaxle, and a more durable suspension setup. The overall design of the automobile received more rounded, streamlined styling, with some calling the MR2 SW20 a "baby Ferrari" or "poor man's Ferrari", since the car did have several design cues borrowed from Ferrari.
There were no turbo models officially offered to the European market but many Japanese import models were sold and re-sold via the grey JDM import market. This car extensively adopted by the racing and moving scene of the early 00’s with a proliferation of after market parts and upgrades available directly from Japan and other suppliers.

Worst feature : Snap oversteer on early models during in-corner liftoffs like many mid and rear engined car.  Finally the "hose from hell" - a coolant hose so buried in the mid engine bay and surrounded on all side that it requires an engine drop to replace. 

Drivers opinion. from Rex H.  “Has a small throw clutch and short throw shifter. You can feel everything that engine is doing. The steering is sharp and there are no plastic creeks and noises. Overall driving experence very nice casual drive and aggressive as you want to be. Handling all the bumps very well. Interior is big enough for up to about six foot three.  ” Youtube on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMaP6e6G0Vg  or

See also Five things to know about a MR2 Turbo.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EgOA_P6EkVQ 


Mk3 Roadster 1999 - 2007
The final car of the sequence is the round Mk3 version that continued the mid engine format but lightened the weight and moved to 1.8L Twin Cam engines. Unlike its predecessors, however, the engine was placed onto the car the other way round, with the exhaust manifold towards the rear of the car instead of towards the front. The retractable soft and optional removable hardtop replaced the fixed and T-bar top-lines. The MR2 Spyder chief engineer Harunori Shiratori said, "First, we wanted true driver enjoyment, blending good movement, low inertia and light weight. Then, a long wheelbase to achieve high stability and fresh new styling; a mid-engine design to create excellent handling and steering without the weight of the engine up front; a body structure as simple as possible to allow for easy customizing, and low cost to the consumer."

Some owner switched out the 1ZZ-FE engine in exchange for the 141 kW; 189 bhp; 192 PS 2ZZ-GE found in the US-market Celica GTS

Worst features : Very small luggage space and digests own pre-cat from exhausts manifold.

Drivers opinion. from  Doug DeMuro  “Everything is nice and well put together, nothing is extremely luxurious or special, looks durable. Clutch and shifters are easy. Flooring it - it moves but not tremendously quickly. It could have been a little faster. It’s a little harsh. I am surprised how precise the steering and the handling is very responsive. It’s nice being in an open top car roof down being that guy. It really is Toyota take on a sports car, durable and quick handling. This car is cool.”  


For the Racers: The 750 Motor club has runs a MR2 challenge series with entries for all the versions. Double race weekends are run seven times ( in normal years) at top UK circuits.  For car race gamers the Toyota MR2 appears in every main Gran Turismo game to date since the original Gran Turismo. Although initially not available in Gran Turismo Sport, the 1997 MR2 GT-S was later introduced as part of Update 1.13, released on February 28, 2018. The first and third generations are available in every game starting from Gran Turismo 2.

Future collectability : The march of time is eating many of the early cars with a combination of rust and racing making finding a good original version harder over time. Engine parts are generally still available but trim and special parts are getting hard to locate. Many of the sources of after market upgrades have moved on to new models but have left a rich heritage to be discovered in the recycle market. The 80s are swinging back into fashion with fast Fords from that era pushing prices sky-high maybe it’s time to look around for other desirable cars from that time.

Acknowledgements : Wikipedia, YouTube and MR2 Owners club sites.

May 2020. 

Sunday, 28 June 2020

Made during lockdown with recycled decking boards


Last year we had the balcony on the back of the house replaced with a new metal and GRP structure. The decking was made out of plastic composite boards from Envirobuild and we had some left over. Lockdown provided some time to recycle these boards into some new projects.  These grey waterproof boards should prove to be a suitable non-rot replacement for perished wood.

One important thing to note with these boards is that the "sawdust" is in fact small micro plastic shavings. All cutting and drilling was done on a tarp so that these shaving could be collected, bagged and disposed of properly.

Thanks to Shane for the work on the trug.

Old arse trug

New arse trug

Now with beans and radishes


Pot and stuff moving trolly


 Has caster in each corner


New front for the compost heap

Friday, 5 June 2020

Electric scooter Advert overanalysed

Electric scooters - what's the fuss ?

This snap is taken from a glossy video promoting the use of electric scooters film on UK roads. Reactions:

  • No helmet.
  • Going wrong side of junction as shown by markings and arrow.
  • Electric scooters not yet legal on UK roads.
  • In frame before this one shows two people riding on same single person scooter going the wrong way up one way street. (Large white arrow on road).

The clip was probably filmed this way to use the available lighting on that side of the street. This appears to be a major triumph of marketing over both legality and responsibility. Karen is filling complaint to the Advertising Standards Authority even as I type.


Monday, 13 April 2020

Bad Blood (Theranos) and The Smartest Guys in the Room (Enron) describe toxic workplaces that allow frauds and cons to flourish.

Bad Blood about Theranos
Smartest Guys in the room



Having recently read Bad Blood (Theranos) and The Smartest Guys in the room (Enron)  I was stuck by the similarity of the toxic workplaces that allowed these huge frauds to continue.

Enron used "creative" accounting and corrupt financial business practices to hide loses in the energy sector. Each quarter's results snowball on previous failures leading to a huge implosion in 2001

Theranos developed blood testing machine intended to replace the need for off-site blood tests using just a few drops of blood. The devices never worked reliably or accurately compared to established testing machines. As a silicon valley "Unicorn" this company burnt millions in start up finance.

Similarities

  • Both companies were driven by charismatic characters with little grasp of the actual underlying science of the business.
  • Both had "Bulldog" partners that bullied and coerced employees into compliance.
  • Facts were hidden, one company used creative accounting methods to hide the real business financial facts, the other hid the miserable product performance from regulators and investors.
  • Both companies prevented cross company employee engagement to prevent effective collaboration.
  • Both companies had ineffective but high profile governance boards that were in thrall to the CEOs.
  • Both company had highly paid employees who job description was vague and performance marginal.
  • Original innovators leave in disgust or under a pretence cloud.
  • Both companies had the internal culture of a cult. "All in or get out".
  • Both companies valued long hours, apparent dedication over actual effective results.
  • Both companies employed outside "consultants" to aid and abet the toxic business processes; Accountants in one case, Lawyers in the other.
  • Whistleblowers were either ignored or legally threatened sued and silenced.
  • Investors wanted to believe the "Too good to be true" story above the realities of market sense.  

Loses
Enron -In excess of $70 Billion. A publicly listed company who's loses were spread across the regular stock market.

Theranos - In excess of $600 Million as well as 1000s of inaccurate blood test results leading to real medical harm. A private company who's loses hit a smaller group of private investors.

** Update Dec 2022 Balwani to serve 13 years serious prison time.

See also
Bernie Madoff and This list  of other large corporate failures.

Friday, 31 January 2020

Thinking about (programers) thinking.


One of the hardest things to do is understand how others think but failure to see and understand the worldview from another persons viewpoint can give rise to unreconcilable conflict. Seeking first to understand how others think can also enhance ones own worldview. This article will delve into four different ways thinking used by programers and other technology specialists in the construction of software solutions. Understanding these different modes will provide insight into "programmers thinking".

Iteration

Step by step from the start to the finish. One item taken at at time in a predictable order. Most often seen in the processing of lists and tables.
Look for phrases like  "for ( i=5; i<20; i++ ) { B[i] += 20 }"

Iteration provides the most basic way of processing items in sequential order. Usually performed one at a time iteration is the most common form of relating the same operation on different items.  Programmers will understand that the above loop have all the iterations executed in parallel but the following loop can not be safely executed in parallel.

 "for ( i=5; i<20; i++ ) { B[i] += B[i-5] }"

Recursion

Best understood as room by room approach. Think of working though a mansion house using these instructions
1a) Enter a room.
1b) Process the current room.
2) Find the doors list for the current room - if list not found then make a list of the doors in this room with the door you came in highlighted and crossed off. Leave door list in room.
3a) Pick an unprocessed door from the room's door list, cross that unprocessed door off and exit via that door.
3b) if the list of doors in this room is finished then exit out the most recent entry door highlighted on the rooms door list.
4) If there are no doors in the room then you are in an oubliette and will have to wait for Hoggle to help you out the Labyrinth.

Recursion is most often seen in the processing of branched trees of information.

Look for procedures that call themselves where inside the definition of treewalk a call is made to treewalk. Look for a structure like "Define Treewalk ( node ) { process_this_node ; Treewalk ( left ) ; Treewalk ( right )  } "

Recursion requires an exit point for closure.

Object Orientation

This way of thinking binds together the processing instructions and information to be processed. Make a data object then ask the object about itself or tell the object to do something to itself. Objects can be grouped into related families that inherit behaviours and attributes. For example: An object Animal is defined with attributes of name, species, habitat, colour.  An object of that class is made "Instantiated" for Cat with attributes Speedy, Manx, domestic home and ginger. Another object is made for Goldfish with Goldie, shubunkin, domestic tank and gold. Within the object definition the logic for how the objects interact is created so that Result of Cat + Goldfish has a meaningful outcome.
Look for references to the object "self.".

Propositional Logic

Describe the problem by dissembling the internal problem into the smallest possible phrases that together describe the whole problem. Propositional logic is a pathway to a solution, a way that multiple problems can be re-presented for solution by a single logic solver.
Look for references to "assert" followed by a definition.  See Solving-classic-sudoku-using-using-smt for a worked example.

Further reading about the different way of thinking and personalities in the IT and cyber world.

** Update May 2020 

Check out this Wired read that really nails the hacker psych and how it turns bad.

Wednesday, 29 January 2020

Investments make you rich but fees make you poorer.


Consider the following table that shows return and costs of investment plans. For various size pots along the top, with various % returns down the side, Income per month is shown.

For example £100,000 generating 3% return will give £250 per month.




However most investment platforms charge fees PerAnnum that can vary from 1.5% down to 0.2% of the capital held in the investment. When this fee is deducted from the income generated the net value delivered can be seen in the orange lines at the base of the table.

For Example for a £100,000 pot generating 3% return could pay from £1,850 year when the fees are 1.15% or pay £2,800 when fees are set at 0.2%.  The key point here is the fees are charged as a % of the total pot invested and not as a proportion of the value generated.  Given the same example paying 10% of the value generated as the fee would still provide £2,700 outcome.

When calculated as a proportion of the value generated the fees charged can easily amount to as much as 1/2 of the value generated by the investments.  For example investments returning 3% PA but paying 1.15% fees loose more than 1/3 of the returned value.

The costs of fees are compounded over the term of the investments. Money taken in fees is not available to accumulate in the later years of the investment. This has a big impact on the final value. For example over 10 years our £100,000 pot generating 3% returns delivers £134,391 with no fees,  £131,804.78 with 0.2% fees or just £120,118.62 in a 1.15% fee structure. The difference between 0.2% fees and 0.15% fees is over £11,000.

Studies have show that there is little relationship between the level of fees charged by advisors and the generated returns. In the short and long term, going for lower fees and ongoing costs, is a better strategy than trusting high fee charging advisors.

PS: Just swap the £ for your local currency symbol if required - the numbers are the same.


Friday, 10 January 2020

"Looks like the thing but is not the thing" aka avoid the offshore supplier trap

Avoid the offshore supplier trap.

With the development of internet global market places we often purchase goods from abroad without being aware of the potential problems. The consumer law which applies to a transaction should be the consumer law of the country in which the products are provided. However often such consumer laws are ignored or negated by offshore supplier using a range of devious tactics. This has resulted in the “Offshore supplier trap” which has become widespread defrauding consumers of millions each year. 


Here's how it works 

  • Some desirable product is advertised with glowing description and fantastic photo.
  • Promises are made of easy returns and guarantees of fitness for purpose.
  • Product is ordered from supplier and paid for by card in your own currency.
  • Goods arrive, in a few days or a week or so, packaged from an offshore location.
  • Goods are rubbish either not as described, shoddily made or just broken on arrival. Problems with purity, manufacturing quality are evident. Particular problems exist with small electronic goods being unsafe, untested but marked as tested or a knock off of a branded item.
  • They  “Looks like the thing but is not the thing”. 
  • When contacting supplier they respond with either: 
    "We can do a partial 10 or 20 % refund in exchange for acceptance."
    or
    "You can send the products back at your expense to the offshore location."

As the kicker:

  •     The promised refund is less than agreed,
  •     Cost of sending goods back is more than goods are worth,
  •     Goods magically never arrive at return point - refund is declined.
  •     Company working offshore pays no vat or taxes and employs cheep labour at exploitative wages.

Variations:

  • A free sample is offered with a just "pay for postage" agreement. Subsequent high charges are then applied to the same payment method using the excuse “See the T&Cs you joined our club with a monthly fee."
  • Payment details and contact details are passed to organised criminal gangs of spammers and fraudsters. 
  • Delays in processing and replying push the transaction past the payment platforms instant refund time limit.

Avoidance strategies

  • Buy through a trusted platform with a uniform published in country returns policy.
  • Check supplier with a few Google searches “Supplier name problems” or “Supplier name reviews” or “Product name reviews"
  • Look on consumer feedback services such as Trust pilot or Amazon or Reviews.io
  • Look carefully at the product reviews  - are they relevant ? Are they from confirmed purchasers
  • Look for the business address - is it local, in country and usable for returns.

See also